Public storage bucket exposes database backups
- Affected asset
- s3://example-prod-backups (ap-southeast-2)
- Rating
- Catastrophic Almost certain 5 × Critical 6 = 30
Description
A storage bucket holding nightly database backups is configured for public read access. Anyone who knows or guesses the name can download the full backups, which include customer records and password hashes, without any credentials.
Evidence
$ aws s3 ls s3://example-prod-backups --no-sign-request
2026-09-05 02:00 4.2 GiB prod-db-2026-09-05.sql.gz
2026-09-04 02:00 4.2 GiB prod-db-2026-09-04.sql.gz
# --no-sign-request means no credentials were used
The backups were listed and downloadable with no credentials, using an unauthenticated request.
Impact
A full copy of the production database, including customer personal information and password hashes, is downloadable by anyone on the internet. A breach on this scale is what the Notifiable Data Breaches scheme exists for, and backups are a favoured target precisely because they hold everything in one place.
Remediation
Block public access at the account and bucket level, and confirm no other bucket is public. Encrypt backups, restrict access to a named role, and enable access logging. Rotate any credentials contained in the exposed data, and assess whether the exposure is already notifiable.